Network Architecture

Y Protocol uses libp2p 0.54 for P2P networking with DHT discovery, message broadcasting, and encrypted communications.

libp2p 0.54

Kademlia DHT

GossipSub

Noise Encryption

libp2p Network Stack

ValidatorBehaviour Implementation

P2P networking behaviour using libp2p

#[derive(NetworkBehaviour)]
pub struct ValidatorBehaviour {
    kademlia: kad::Behaviour<MemoryStore>,     // DHT discovery
    mdns: mdns::tokio::Behaviour,              // Local discovery
    gossipsub: gossipsub::Behaviour,           // Message broadcast
    identify: identify::Behaviour,              // Peer identification
    ping: ping::Behaviour,                     // Health checks
    request_response: request_response::json::Behaviour<ValidatorRequest, ValidatorResponse>,
}

Source: /crates/consensus/src/validators/network.rs

Kademlia DHT

Distributed hash table for peer discovery and routing

Bootstrap Time:

<10 seconds

Routing Table:

Kademlia K-bucket

GossipSub

Publish-subscribe messaging for block and transaction propagation

Propagation:

<1 second

Mesh Degree:

6-12 peers

mDNS

Multicast DNS for local network peer discovery

Local Discovery:

Automatic

Range:

Local subnet

Transport Protocols

Transport Layers

TCP Transport

Primary

QUIC Transport

Alternative

Yamux Multiplexing

Stream MUX

Multiple transport options with stream multiplexing for connection usage.

Security & Encryption

Noise Protocol

End-to-End

Peer Authentication

Ed25519

Forward Secrecy

Yes

All communications encrypted with modern cryptographic protocols.

Consensus Message Protocol

Message Types

Structured messages for consensus coordination

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum ConsensusMessage {
    BlockProposal {
        height: u64,
        block: Block,
        proposer_id: String,
        timestamp: u64
    },
    ValidatorVote {
        height: u64,
        block_hash: [u8; 32],
        vote: ValidatorVote
    },
    BlockFinalization {
        height: u64,
        block: Block,
        votes: Vec<ValidatorVote>
    },
    ValidatorSetUpdate {
        height: u64,
        validators: Vec<ValidatorInfo>
    },
}

Block Proposals

New block proposals broadcast to all validators for voting

Validator Votes

Individual validator votes on proposed blocks with signatures

Block Finalization

Finalized blocks with complete vote set broadcast to network

Validator Updates

Changes to active validator set and stake weights

Network Performance

Propagation

<1s

Global message propagation

Discovery

<10s

Peer discovery time

Sync Speed

Blocks per second

Overhead

~50KB

Per peer connection

Peer Management

Peer Connection Information

Detailed peer tracking and connection management

pub struct PeerConnectionInfo {
    pub peer_id: String,
    pub address: String,
    pub connection_established: DateTime<Utc>,
    pub bytes_sent: u64,
    pub bytes_received: u64,
    pub is_inbound: bool,
    pub protocols: Vec<String>,
    pub connection_state: String,
}

Connection Limits

Max Inbound:

Configurable

Max Outbound:

Configurable

Rate Limiting:

Per-peer

Health Monitoring

Ping Protocol:

Built-in

Heartbeat:

30 seconds

Timeout:

60 seconds

Protocol Support

Identify:

Peer info

AutoNAT:

NAT detection

Relay:

Connectivity